Tolkien
may be more widely appreciated as a storyteller than as a stylist, but his
combination of simplicity and sophistication continues to amaze me.
Consider the following passage, as the group
escapes from the goblins: “at times they were marching along quiet as quiet
over a floor of pine-needles; and all the while the forest-gloom got heavier
and the forest-silence deeper.”
Aside
from the obvious, but delicate and effective, instances of repetition, we have
a subtle but effective inversion.
It
seems to me that gloom would normally get “deeper” while silence would be
likely characterized as “heavy.”
Yet
here the darkness has weight and the silence has dimension.
Perhaps I’m making too much of this, but the
linking of the two menaces to the word “forest” at the least encourages the
reader to move back and forth between the concepts, making it easier to imagine
their substitution for one another.
Let’s
consider a clearer instance of inversion – and one that is utilized for comic
rather than rhetorical effect. When the
dwarves take refuge up some trees, the narrator notes, “You would have laughed…
if you had seen the dwarves sitting up in the trees with their beards dangling
down, like old gentlemen gone cracked and playing at being boys.” Here, expectations are wildly inverted – old
men, after all, don’t belong in trees.
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As a
third example, we might focus on what I’ll call “cosmological” inversion – the
flipping of the natural order of things, the transformation of the biological
and spiritual rubric by which humans orient themselves. Simply put, we’re introduced to talking
animals. The wolves provide a dramatic
scene: “hundreds and hundreds, it seemed” “went and sat in a great circle in
the glade; and in the middle of the circle was a great grey wolf. He spoke to them in the dreadful language of
the Wargs.” By inverting animal and
human behavior (the dwarves like birds in trees, wolves talking below) Tolkien
stretches and twists our sense of reality on a number of levels.
Image:
Princeton University